Time for reflection on water

If you spend much time on the water in a kayak or canoe, sooner or later you’re likely to be transfixed by reflections. Sitting so low in a kayak, reflections dominate your view of calm water from even quite close to where you sit. It’s easier to see beneath the surface by looking straight down but in the wider view, without polarized sunglasses, then reflections rule. All that lies beneath the silvered surface is rendered largely invisible.

Freeways cross over water Seattle

Trees and branches overhanging rivers and canals,  create scenes of pleasing symmetry. There is a similar visual tunnel effect between the two images below despite their very different locations, France and Missool, Raja Ampat.

Reflected plane trees, Kristin Nelson on Canal du Midi France

Arching nipa palms, Misool Indonesia

Some reflections appear more constructed than others. The bold reflected shapes beneath bridges with pillars arches and girders, quiver and gently distort as ripples move between the solid structures. I am left with the impression the solid structure exists beneath me, no matter what the actual depth is, or the real nature of the bottom. (for explanation of the green water color, see my Color of Water blog post)

Illusion of underwater dock construction, Seattle

Neither can I resist an opportunity to pause in the face of semicircular arches that are sucked into visual tubes by reflection. Do the curves really continue beneath the surface? Is this structure a tube, or is that just an illusion? The real bottom may be flat, and just beneath the surface, but it’s difficult to discard the impression that it follows the shape and depth of a tube.

Illusion of tubular tunnel, Kanu-Funsport Leipzig Germany

Reflected, concrete girders under a freeway that offer nesting shelter for pigeons and surfaces for clandestine graffiti scribblers create optical illusions of solid structures just beneath the placid surface, but as soon as the surface is disturbed the structures morph into dizzily shifting curlicue patterns.

Reflected Girders beneath freeway

Girders reflected in wavelets

Closer view of reflected girders in wavelets

The eye sees and the mind attempts to make order of the subtly shifting patterns. Only by taking a snapshot of the reflections does it become easier to see why the patterns are so challenging to follow. Even in a snapshot the crisscrossing wave patterns form such twisted reflections that seen out of context they illustrate a puzzling reality. Serving as Rorschach ink blots, the frozen shapes can conjure all manner of things, but rarely reveal the original object that was reflected. When the image is rapidly moving, what chance do you have of making sense of the shifting tree-ring patterns? 

wavelets create tree-ring style patterns

Ripples in motion

Stainless steel anchors, anchor pockets and scratch plates on ship hulls contrast the warping mirror of water, offering steadier mirrored surfaces. Just as from a flat-water surface an individual facet will reflect simply. However, multifaceted surfaces shatter reflections in a completely different way to water, creating collages of recognizable reflected bits of the surroundings.

Collage of reflections around anchor 

Water does something similar, but the effect is repeated many more times over by the procession of ripples each presenting its own set of constantly changing reflections from its uniquely morphing three-dimensional curves. Small undulations across an otherwise smooth surface cause shifting curvilinear shapes; shapes that are echoed in art including art from Papua.

Surreal abstract patterns of reflection in water

Although bridges and tunnels and docks offer some amazing reflections, there’s little more pleasing to me than cruising across flat water when the sky is blue with a few fluffy clouds. Looking ahead I have the sensation of flying high above the clouds, which shape-shift beside me as the wake from my bow warps the surface. Close beside my craft the reflected clouds seem to fade, and I can see through them into the water, perhaps seeing fingers of watermilfoil reaching up toward me, or fish darting away. And there on the surface itself, all around me suspended above the mirrored sky is another world of objects too light to sink, too heavy to fly. Here are insects that can walk on water. Here are floating plants, the leaves of waterlilies, feathers and twigs.

Cruising above the sky, Labrador (from the book On Polar Tides)

If you've enjoyed this blog post, find more of my creations on Nigel Foster YouTube channel, and on nigel foster vimeo. You can find my books on my store. I'm also available for presentations and special kayak instruction.

Reflection of canoeist, ceramicist  Kristin Nelson shattered by ripples 

The kayaks glimpsed in this post are by Nigel Foster (Point65 DoubleShot and Whisky 16 and Seaward  Kayaks Legend) 

In Search of an Australian Plan: Looking for plans of one of McGregor’s original Rob Roy canoes.

Excited to learn about kayaking as a teenager I was soon told the sport of kayaking in UK had begun with John McGregor and his Rob Roy Canoe.  Actually that’s not entirely true. I actually learned he was the founder of the sport of canoeing in Britain. Inspired by canoes and kayaks he had seen during visits to North America and Kamchatka in the late 1850s John McGregor commissioned a boat to be built by Searle & Co. Thames River boat builders in his then home town London, England. This was the first and the longest of a series of boats of similar concept he commissioned. He named it the “Rob Roy”. It served him for his first series of journeys recounted in his book “A Thousand Miles in a Rob Roy Canoe”, published in 1866.

A Rob Roy Canoe, Plas-y-Brenin N.Wales

McGregor’s book became very popular, spurring him on to enjoy further travels in Europe, the Baltic, and in the Middle East, and to write more books. He also took time to explore around Shetland and Orkney. He typically had a new boat built for each new adventure, so he must have commissioned at least 5 boats. The first measured 15 feet in length with a 32-inch long cockpit but later “Rob Roys” were built shorter to 14 feet, then 12 feet, and the cockpits longer to allow him to lie down and sleep inside. The shorter kayak length made for easier transport and handling. Their solid construction with an oak-planked hull and keel and mahogany deck made them fairly heavy, so bringing the length down to 12 feet reduced the weight to less than 75 pounds unladen. In appearance the Rob Roy was double-ended like a canoe or kayak, with a deck fore and aft. When not sailed it was propelled by a double-bladed paddle.

McGregor's book 1,000 miles in a Rob Roy Canoe.

McGregor’s kayak travels inspired others. The writer Robert Louis Stevenson journeyed in Belgium and France in a Rob Roy in 1876 and wrote a book about the journey, “An Inland Voyage”, published in 1878. Warrington Baden-Powell took a Baltic cruise in 1871 visiting Germany, Denmark and Sweden and published the book “Canoe Travelling: Log of a Cruise on the Baltic, and practical hints on the building and fitting of canoes.” (Warrington headed the Sea Scout branch of the Boy Scout movement that his younger brother later founded.) The American Poultney Bigelow was inspired by McGregor’s books to paddle down the entire length of the Danube from the Black Forest to the Black Sea with a couple of companions, publishing the book “Down the Danube” in 1892, helping bring the Rob Roy mentality to USA. The boom in Rob Roy interest, fanned by the books and presentations by those who made the longer journeys, led to the popularization of recreational "canoeing", as the UK kayaking scene was from then on confusingly referred to.

McGregor in his Rob Roy Canoe

It was during this explosion of interest in canoeing that Frederick Charles Benfield Fairey became interested in the Rob Roy. Born in Brighton England October 17^th 1844, Frederick left home at age 15. He spent some years at sea, migrated to South America, then in 1876 moved to Australia to a town called St Kilda near Melbourne, to become a church minister. St Kilda is just down the road from Brighton and Black Rock, named for the English south coast childhood home towns of both Fairey and myself. 

Fairey, a keen boater, decided a boat would offer the ideal way for him to visit and preach to people in the more distant parts of his territory. Having read some of McGregor's exploits he contacted him in London. McGregor arranged for a Rob Roy to be built for Fairey by Searle and Company and shipped to Australia. It was to be a replica of his own #5 Rob Roy, the one he used in Orkney and Shetland.

Melbourne Australia

When it arrived the following year he named it the Evangelist and tested it on local waters. He began with a 100-mile voyage. This took him around the west shore of Port Phillip, portaging into the Barwon River to follow the watercourse to Barwon Heads and Bass Strait. From there he followed the open coast to the “rips” to re-enter Port Phillip and follow the west coast back home.

Fairey's first Rob Roy journey in Australia

After Fairey moved to the north of Tasmania in 1877, he used the Evangelist to explore the north coast, and also paddled and sailed from there to Hobart down the east coast. You can read his account here.

When 2 years later Fairey moved from Tasmania to Windsor in New South Wales, Australia, he continued to use the Evangelist on the Hawkesbury River.

I visited Melbourne in 2013 and was wonderfully hosted at Black Rock by kayakers David Golightly and Heather Torbet. David is fascinated by local history and hailing from Scotland was enthusiastic about this local kayaking milestone that had direct Scottish associations.  Hear a podcast of David talking about Fairey here.

Barwon Heads has seen the start of two of the three kayak circumnavigations of Australia. The museum there displays the kayaks of Earl Bloomfield (first kayak circumnavigation of Tasmania 1979), Paul Caffyn (first kayak circumnavigation of Australia 1981) and Freya Hoffmeister (Second kayak circumnavigation of Australia, 2009). Stuart Trueman who completed the third kayak circumnavigation in 2011 started at Broome on the west coast. Perhaps in the future his kayak could be exhibited alongside the others.

With John Evertze at museum Barwon Heads

A plaque at Barwon Heads commemorates Paul Caffyn’s 1981 achievement, but it was more than 100 years earlier Fairey kayaked passed by on his first trip. That trip probably marks the starting point for Australian kayaking. A significant milestone in its own right! As the first journey was made in a direct copy of one of the kayaks commissioned by the John McGregor, who was born in Scotland, there is a nice Scottish connection for David, who reenacted Fairey’s journey with more than 20 members of the Victorian Sea Kayak Club in 2008. 

When David told me about Fairey, he was already an authority on him. But he wanted to learn more. I enjoy sleuthing for information so I agreed to help if I could. But I had discovered additional reasons to be curious. Like Fairey, I was brought up in Brighton England, was drawn to kayaking, and we shared the same birthday. 

Plans are available of the model used by Fairey

I introduced David by e-mail to Elizabeth, my mother, who loves historical research, and was delighted to be able to dig up census details from an early point in Fairey’s life, when he lived in Western Road Brighton, England. David was also looking for original Rob Roy plans and with the assistance of my friends in UK and USA I finally found the missing links. The version of Rob Roy that Fairey bought was a direct copy of the one McGregor used on his 1872 explorations around Orkney and Shetland. That was Rob Roy #5. This version, having the slightly longer cockpit than McGregor’s earliest models, meant Fairey was able to drag it ashore, set up a canopy and sleep inside.

The original Rob Roy used by McGregor for his Orkney and Shetland trip was given to the New York Canoe Club in 1920 by McGregor’s widow through the connection of Pultney Bigelow who met the McGregors before his Danube trip. It has since been donated to the Mystic Seaport Watercraft Museum in Connecticut. And in 1975 the lines were drawn up. The Evangelist was an 1877 copy of this particular boat.

Thanks to David Golightly for inspiring this search!